Country | Military deaths | Civilian deaths | Jewish deaths | Total deaths |
Pacific Islands  | - | 15.000 | - | 15.000 |
This territory includes areas now known as the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, and the Northern Mariana Islands. The estimate by R. J. Rummel of the number of victims due to Japanese war crimes on the various Pacific Islands is 57,000. The plight of the civilian population of Micronesia was the subject of a study published by the University of Hawaii, The Typhoon of War. They reported Micronesian war related civilian deaths were caused by American bombing and shellfire; and malnutrition caused by the U.S. blockade of the islands. In addition the civilian population was conscripted by the Japanese as forced laborers by the Japanese military and were subjected to numerous mindless atrocities . During the Battle of Guam (1944) the number of Chamorro people killed or wounded is not accurately known but it was well over six hundred.During the Battle of Saipan 10,000 persons in a mass suicide of the Japanese civilian population. Papua New Guinea,civilian deaths were caused by Allied bombing and shellfire and Japanese atrocities. Both the Allies and Japanese also conscripted civilians to work as laborers and porters. |
Philippines  | 57.000 | 500.000 | - | 557.000 |
Sources for total Filipino civilian war dead range from 500,000 to 1,000,000 as detailed below. The United States State Dept. has reported that, In total, an estimated one million Filipinos lost their lives in the war.The primary reason for this high death toll was war related famine and disease. Civilian losses included victims of Japanese war crimes, such as those inflicted on comfort women as well as the Bataan Death March. The Manila massacre claimed the lives of 90,000 Filipinos.Werner Gruhl estimates the civilian death toll due to the war and Japanese occupation at 500,000 ( 141,000 massacred, 22,500 forced labor deaths and 336,500 deaths due war related famine). The estimate in 1946 by the U.S. War Dept. for Filipino military war dead was 27,260.Michael Clodfelter presents more recent figures for military war dead, including 7,000 in the Battle of the Philippines (1941-42), 8,000 anti-Japanese guerrillas and 42,000 (out of 98,000) POWs in Japanese captivity. Werner Gruhl estimates an 27,000 Filipinos died serving in the military (including 20,000 POW). |
Poland  | 240.000 | 2.380.000 | 3.000.000 | 5.620.000 |
Total Polish War Dead. In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers put the figure of Poland's dead at between 5,620,000 and 5,820,000; including an estimated 150,000 Polish citizens who died due to Soviet repression. The IPN's figures include 3 million Polish Jews who died in Nazi Germany's Holocaust, as well as ethnic Poles and other ethnic groups (Ukrainians and Belarussians). Czesław Łuczak estimated in 1994 the actual total of war dead to be 5.9 to 6.0 million, including 2.9 to 3.0 million Jews. He estimated the number of ethnic Poles who died at 2.0 million, including 1.5 million, due to the German occupation of the territory of modern day Poland and the balance of 500,000 in the former eastern Polish regions under both Soviet and German occupation. Łuczak also included in his figures an estimated 1,000,000 war dead of Polish citizens from the ethnic Ukrainian and Belarusian ethnic groups who comprised 20% of Poland's pre-war population. The Polish government estimate made in 1947 of 6.0 million war dead excluded ethnic Ukrainian and Belarusian losses. Dr. Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated in 2005 Poland's losses in World War Two to be 5.6 million; including 5,150,000 victims of Nazi crimes against ethnic Poles and the Holocaust, 350,000deaths during the Soviet occupation in 1940–41 and about 100,000 Poles killed in 1943–44 during the massacres of Poles in Volhynia. Losses by ethnic group were 3,100,000 Jews; 2,000,000 ethnic Poles; 500,000 Ukrainians and Belarusians. Civilian losses by geographic area Image:Map of Poland (1945),were about 3.5 million in present day Poland and about 2.0 million in the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union Contemporary Russian sources also include Poland's losses in the annexed territories with Soviet war deaths. The official Polish government report on war damages prepared in 1947 listed 6,028,000 war victims during the German occupation (including 123,178 military deaths, 2.8 million Poles and 3.2 million Jews), out of a population of 27,007,000 ethnic Poles and Jews; this report excluded ethnic Ukrainian and Belarusian losses. Losses were calculated for the territory of Poland in 1939, including the territories annexed by the U.S.S.R.This report has been disputed by Polish scholars who since the fall of communism in 1989 now put the total actual losses at about 5.0 million. They maintain that the official statistics include those persons who were listed as missing in 1945, but remained abroad in the west and the USSR after the war This revision of estimated war losses was the topic of articles in the Polish academic journals Dzieje Najnowsze and The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum has reported that in addition to 3 million Polish Jews killed in the Holocaust. "Documentation remains fragmentary, but today scholars of independent Poland believe that 1.8 to 1.9 million Polish civilians (non-Jews) were victims of German Occupation policies and the war". The genocide of Roma people was 35,000 persons.Jewish Holocaust victims, in 1939 borders, totaled 3,000,000 including 2 million within the borders of contemporary Poland and 1 million in the territories annexed by the U.S.S.R. Polish Losses during the Soviet Occupation (1939–1941) In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated 150,000 Polish citizens were killed due to Soviet repression. Since the collapse of the USSR, Polish scholars have been able to do research in the Soviet archives on Polish losses during the Soviet occupation.Andrzej Paczkowski puts the number of Polish deaths at 90–100,000 of the 1.0 million persons deported and 30,000 executed by the Soviets.In 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,00. An earlier estimate made in 1987 by Franciszek Proch of the Polish Association of Former Political Prisoners of Nazi and Soviet Concentration Camps estimated the total dead due to the Soviet occupation at 1,050,000. Poland's Military Losses Poland lost a total of 239,800 regular soldiers and Polish resistance movement fighters during the war. Military dead and missing were 95,000–97,000 and 130,000 wounded in the 1939 Invasion of Poland, including 17–19,000 killed by the Soviets in the Katyn massacre and 12,000 in German POW camps.The Polish contribution to World War II included the Polish Armed Forces in the West, and the 1st Polish Army fighting under Soviet command. Total casualties of these forces in exile were 33,256 killed in action, 8,548 missing in action, 42,666 wounded and 29,385 interned.The Polish Red Cross reported that the 1944 Warsaw Uprising cost the lives of 120,000 -130,000 Polish civilians and 16–17,000 Polish resistance movement fighters.The names of Polish war dead are presented at a database online. During the war 2,762,000 Polish citizens of German descent declared their loyalty to Germany by signing the Deutsche Volksliste. A German source lists the deaths of 108,000 Polish citizens serving in the German armed forces ,these men were conscripted in violation of international law. |
Timor  | - | 40.000 | - | 40.000 |
Officially neutral, East Timor was occupied by Japan during 1942–1945. Allied commandos initiated a guerilla resistance campaign and most deaths were caused by Japanese reprisals against the civilian population. The civilian death toll is estimated at 40,000 to 70,000. |
Romania  | 300.000 | 64.000 | 469.000 | 833.000 |
Total Romanian military war dead were approximately 300,000.Total Killed were 93,326 ( 72,291 with Axis and 21,035 with allies).Total POW deaths of about 215,000; (200,000 in Soviet captivity1 and 15,000 in German captivity.Soviet sources list the deaths of 54,600 of the 201,800 Romanian POW taken in the War.Figures do not include an additional estimated 40,000 to 50,000 dead in Hungarian Army. Civilian losses of 64,000 included 20,000 during Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Bukovina in 1940–1941 the genocide of Roma people 36,000 deaths.Allied air raids on Romania caused the deaths of 7,693 civilians. Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 469,000 in 1939 borders which includes 325,000 in Bessarabia and Bukovina occupied by the U.S.S.R. in 1940. |
Singapore  | - | 50.000 | - | 50.000 |
Victims of Japanese war crimes including the Japanese Occupation of Singapore and the Sook Ching massacre. |
South Africa  | 11.900 | - | - | 11.900 |
The losses listed here are those reported by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission Total deaths were 11,903.The 'Debt of Honour Register' from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists the 1.7m men and women of the Commonwealth forces who died during the two world wars.The preliminary 1945 data for South African losses was killed 6,840, missing 1,841 wounded 14,363 and POW 14,589. |
Soviet Union  | 8.800.000 | 12.254.000 | 1.000.000 | 22.054.000 |
Military Losses Military losses from 1939–1945, totaling 10.7 million, include 7.7 million killed or missing in action and 2.6 million POW dead, out of 5.7 million total POW captured, plus 400,000 paramilitary and Soviet partisan losses. The official Russian Ministry of Defense figure for military deaths from 1941–1945 is 8,668,400; including 6,330,000 killed in action or died of wounds and 556,000 dead from non-combat causes plus an estimated 500,000 MIA and 1,283,000 POW dead out of 4,059,000 total POW captured.A critical analysis of official Soviet wartime casualty statistics published by Krasnoyarsk University in 2000 estimated actual Soviet military war dead at more than 10.9 million persons.Richard Overy has noted that "The official figures themselves must be viewed critically, given the difficulty of knowing in the chaos of 1941 and 1942 exactly who had been killed, wounded or even conscripted".The official Russian statistics for military dead do not include an additional estimated 1,500,000 conscripted reservists missing or killed before being listed on active strength, as well as an estimated 150,000 militia and 250,000 Soviet partisan dead, which are considered civilian war losses in the official figures. There were additional casualties in 1939–1940, which totaled 136,945: Battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 (8,931); Invasion of Poland of 1939 (1,139); and the Winter War with Finland (1939–1940) (126,875). The estimate by western historians of Soviet military POW deaths is about 3 million out of 5.7 million total POWs in German hands.Total Soviet population losses included approximately 12 million men aged 18 to 39.The names of many Soviet war dead are presented in the OBD Memorial database online. Total Population Losses of the Soviet Union 1941–1945 A report published by the Russian Academy of Science in 1993 estimated that the total Soviet population losses from 1941–1945, within Soviet borders of 1946–1991, were 26.6 million out of a total population of 196.7 million, which included the annexed territories. Michael Haynes has noted that "We do not know the total number of deaths as a result of the war and related policies" We do know that the demographic estimate of excess deaths was 26.6 million plus an additional 16.1 million natural deaths that would have occurred in peacetime, bringing the total dead to 42.7 million. At this time the actual total number of deaths caused by the war is unknown since among the 16.1 million "natural deaths" some would have died peacefully and others as a result of the war. Civilian deaths listed here of 12.4 million are for USSR within 1939 borders only,and do not include an estimated 2.5 million civilian dead in the territories annexed by the USSR in 1939-1945 and the 215,000 Soviet war dead in the German armed forces.Civilian losses in territories annexed by USSR are included in totals of the Baltic states(600,000),Poland(1,500,000)and Romania(300,000). Total Soviet war dead include losses include an estimated 2.5 to 3.2 million civilian dead due to famine in Soviet territory not occupied by the Germans. Additional famine deaths which totaled 1 million during 1946–47 are not included with World War II casualties. The deaths of 8.2 million Soviet civilians, including Jews, were documented from 1942–1946 by the Soviet Extraordinary State Commission.The official Soviet era statistics for war losses list 25.3 million war related deaths. Total military losses of 8.7 million dead which includes 1.8 million missing in action and POW deaths out of 4.0 million total POW captured. Soviet sources reported civilian deaths in the German occupied USSR totaling 13.7 million, which includes 7.4 million victims of Nazi genocide and reprisals; 2.2 million deaths of persons deported to Germany for forced labor; and 4.1 million famine and disease deaths in occupied territory. There were an additional estimated 3.0 million famine deaths in the territory not under German occupation. These losses are for the entire territory of the USSR in 1941, including territories annexed in 1939–1940.Documents from the Soviet archives list the total deaths of prisoners in the Gulag from 1941 to 1945 at 621,637. An independent Russian journalist believes the actual death toll may be as high as 1.7 million, when one takes into account summary executions and deaths of those forcibly deported during the war. An independent Russian journalist has provided the estimated breakdown for total Soviet war dead from 1941–45, Military deaths (including partisans & militia), of the individual Soviet republics were 10.5 million,Russia 6,750,000 ; Armenia 150,000 ; Azerbaijan 210,000 ; Belarus 620,000 ; Georgia 190,000 ; Moldova 41,000 ; Ukraine 1,620,000 ; Estonia 13,000 ; Latvia 18,000 ; Lithuania 27,000 ; Kazakhstan 310,000 ; Kyrgyzstan 70,000 ; Tajikistan 50,000 ; Turkmenistan 70,000 ; Uzbekistan 330,000. Total war related civilian deaths, including territories annexed 1939–45, of the individual Soviet republics were 15.7 million,Russia 7,200,000 ; Armenia 30,000 ; Azerbaijan 110,000 ; Belarus 1,670,000 ; Georgia 110,000; Moldova 120,000 ; Ukraine 5,200,000 ; Estonia 35,000 ; Latvia 220,000 ; Lithuania 345,000 ; Kazakhstan 350,000 ; Kyrgyzstan 50,000 ; Tajikistan 70,000 ; Turkmenistan 30,000 ; Uzbekistan 220,000. The genocide of Roma people was 30,000 persons.Jewish Holocaust victims, within 1939 borders, totaled 1,000,000. |
Spain  | 4.500 | - | - | 4.500 |
Military deaths were of volunteer soldiers from the all Spanish Blue Division serving alongside Germany Army in the U.S.S.R. The unit was withdrawn by Spain in 1943.R. J. Rummel estimates the deaths of 20,000 anti-Fascist Spanish refugees resident in France who were deported to Nazi camps, these deaths are included with French civilian casualties. |
Sweden  | 200 | 2.000 | - | 2.200 |
During the Winter war of 1939–40 the Swedish Volunteer Corps served alongside the Finns and lost 117 men in combat (combined Swedish losses in Finland between 1939–45).About 300 Swedish volunteers served in the German Wehrmacht and 30–45 were killed in action. 33 Swedish sailors were killed when submarine HMS Ulven was sunk by a German mine on April 16, 1943. 187 Swedish merchant marine crew were killed by Soviet submarine attacks.Immediately following the outbreak of the Second World War, Sweden concluded war-trade agreements with Great Britain and Germany, which anticipated largely unchanged trade with both sides during the conflict., in all there were 226 sailings to and 222 sailings from Sweden within the framework of the war-trade agreements . Nine ships were lost, claiming the lives of 142 men. In total there were about 2000 Swedish casualties in the merchant and fishing marine, with probably several more as many Swedes served in other countries navies, and casualties amongst them has not been investigated. In total 201 Swedish merchant ships and 31 fishing vessels were sunk. |
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